The OED cites Cross as having a few different variations and an ability to occupy multiple parts of speech. The most common definition is a wooden structure used for crucifixion which is a very relevant definition in Ulysses.

Noun

1. A kind of gibbet used by the ancients (and in later times by some non-Christian nations); a stake, generally with a transverse bar, on which they put to a cruel and ignominious death certain criminals, who were nailed or otherwise fastened to it by their extremities

2.     The particular wooden structure on which Jesus Christ suffered death, believed to have consisted of an upright post, with a horizontal crossbar; the holy rood. (Often written with capital C.)

3.     The sign of the cross made with the right hand, as a religious act. Cf. sign of the cross at signn. Phrases 1.

4.    A representation or delineation of a cross on any surface, varying in elaborateness from two lines crossing each other to an ornamental design painted, embroidered, carved, etc.; used as a sacred mark, symbol, badge, or the like.

Adjective

1.       Lying or situated athwart the main direction; transverse; passing from side to side. Also saidfig. of things to which spatial relations are transferred.

2.      Passing or lying athwart each other; crossing, intersecting.

3.      Diagonally opposite in position (as in a quadrilateral). Obs. rare. Cf. cross-corner n.

4.      Contrary, opposite, opposed (to each other, or to something specified). (Now rarely predicative.)

5.      Of events, circumstances, or fortune: Adverse, opposing, thwarting; contrary to one’s desire or liking; unfavourable, untoward.

Verb

1.       trans. To crucify. Obs.

2.      To make the sign of the cross upon or over.

3.      To mark with a cross in sign of a vow; esp. of the vow to wrest the Holy Land from the Saracens; = croise v. 2. Obs.

4.      To cancel by marking with a cross or by drawing lines across; to strike out, erase. (lit. andfig.) Const. off, out.

A brief glimpse at the OED “Etymology” section for the word “organ” reveals that it is an entire paragraph long. The gist of this section is that multiple definitions of the term have been borrowed from different languages at different times, but that it probably mostly comes from classical Latin and old French, and that its first English usage was in a now-obsolete sense, referring in early Old English to “various ancient musical, esp. wind, instruments. Chiefly in translations of, or allusions to, Scripture”.

That said, there are a couple key definitions of “organ” – of the many on the OED (fourteen as a noun, two as a verb, not including compound phrases or derivative words) – that are relevant to its uses in Ulysses. The first, derived from the ancestral Old English use of the word, is “a musical instrument (usually large) consisting of a number of pipes” – the church instrument that Bloom hears and thinks about in “Hades”, for example.

Organ, however, also takes on various less divine definitions, in its most neutral form simply referring to a kind of implement, OED definition 5a: “A means of action or operation, an instrument; (now) esp. a person, body of people, or thing by which some purpose is carried out or some function is performed.”

In Episode 7, however, we see a more specific branch of this definition, the periodical that is the organ of its cause, 5c: “A means or medium of communication, or of expression of opinion; esp. a periodical which serves as the mouthpiece of a particular political party, cause, movement, etc.”

The book’s first use of “organ”, however, referring to Bloom’s hunger for innards, refers to definition 7a: “A part of an animal or plant body that serves a particular physiological function (as the heart, liver, etc.).” This comes from the idea of the internal organ as a specified instrument within the body, with its first cited quote in the OED coming from 1425. Given Molly’s profession as a concert singer, it may also be important to keep in mind definition 8 in the OED: “The human organs of speech; the human voice.”

Given Joyce, of course, it’d be foolish not to consider definition 10, a euphemism at least as old as 1853: “The penis.” That an instrument common in churches could share the same word as one’s genitals surely must not have escaped Joyce’s notice.

Beyond just “organ” in its strict sense – the other definitions of which I won’t go into here, for brevity’s sake – there is also the related verb “organize,” which has taken on a meaning all its own despite differing only in the addition of a suffix: “to arrange into a structured whole” or, in the political sense “to put into place an administrative structure.” Thus the concept of the “organ” becomes an ideal of structure and administration, perhaps most closely associated with definition 5a, as an implement.

Having read the portion of Ulysses I had, I expected the word “bar” to have more of a correlation with its modern use, as a synonym to tavern of pub. Instead, it has taken a hefty amount of digging to find a definition fitting this modern usage. Instead, the most frequent definition seems to be closer to:

1. A piece of any material long in proportion to its thickness or width.

* Of shape only.

However, the most relevant usage seems to me could be “bar” used in terms of currency, as follows: “c. A pound; esp. in half a bar, ten shillings. slang.”

The rest are as follows:

1. An ornamental transverse band on a girdle, saddle, etc.; subseq.an ornamental boss of any shape. Also, a girdle or band. Obs.

 b. A small slip of silver fixed transversely below the clasp of a medal, as an additional mark of distinction.

1. A straight strip or stripe, narrow in proportion to its length, a broad line; e.g. of colour. stars and bars:

6. Heraldry. An honourable ordinary, formed (like the fess) by two parallel lines drawn horizontally across the shield, and including not more than its fifth part. bar sinister: in popular, but erroneous phrase, the heraldic sign of illegitimacy; see batn n., bend n.1, (sinister). bar-gemel: a double bar, or small bars placed in couplets.

8. esp. A stake or rod of iron or wood used to fasten a gate, door, hatch, etc.

1. In colloq. phr. behind bars, of a person: in prison, locked away.

11. [Getting more into the alcohol vein of the word:] A transverse piece of wood making fast the head of a wine-cask. (If a cask is lying horizontal, wine is drawn from ‘below the bar,’ when it is more than half empty.)

The term “dogsbody”, somewhat unsurprisingly, is a word with less definitions than what others have found. The OED only cites two different forms of the term, both as a noun and a verb. In its noun form, dogsbody has three definitions:

1. n. nautical slang: Peas boiled in a cloth, pease pudding
2. n. sea biscuits softened in water, with sugar added.
3. n. a junior officer or midshipman
4. n. (colloquial) a person who is given menial tasks

In its verb form, the OED only cites one definition for the verb form of “dogsbody” which is:

1. to act or work as a dogsbody; to carry out menial tasks.

While there were three primary categories of the type of word “blind” can be (noun, adjective/adverb, and verb), what surprised me was how many sub-definitions there were for each category. In my initial thinking on exploring the word blind I thought it could be interesting due to its various forms, but there are actually many more than I could’ve anticipated. The following is just a subset of the multitude of definitions there are.

Noun:

“1. Anything which obstructs the light or sight.”

2. spec. A screen for a window, made of woven material mounted on a roller, of wire gauze, etc.; used to prevent the entrance of too much light, or to keep people from seeing in.

3. A blinker for a horse

4. Fortification. A blindage.

5. Any means or place of concealment. spec. a hiding-place in which a hunter conceals himself from the game. (U.S.).

6. fig. Any thing or action intended to conceal one’s real design; a pretence, a pretext. spec.

7. Naut. A spritsail  [= Dutch blinde] . Obs.

*1535 – Earliest noun form.

8. In Poker, a stake put up by a player before seeing his cards (see quots.); cf. Also attrib. in blind-money.

9. A blind baggage car on a train. U.S.

10. A drunken bout or orgy; a binge.

Adjective/Adverb:

I. Literal

1. a) Destitute of the sense of sight, whether by natural defect or by deprivation. In comparisons, as blind as a bat or †brickbat; also blind as a beetle, blind mole, blind stone (see the ns.); to turn a blind eye:

b. Temporarily deprived of sight, as when dazzled with a bright light.

c. Used punningly of a needle: Eyeless.

d. absol. A blind person, esp. as pl. Those who are blind, as a section of the community.

h. In Poker, to go blind: to put up a blind; hence to go (a specified stake) blind. Hence applied to forms of Poker in which this is done; so blind hand.

i. to go it blind: to act without previous investigation of the circumstances; to plunge without regard to the risks involved.

II. fig. Without perception.

2. a) Of persons, their faculties, etc.; also transf. of things: Lacking in mental perception, discernment, or foresight; destitute of intellectual, moral, or spiritual light.

b. Const. to (in obs.).

c. blind side  n. the unguarded, weak or assailable side of a person or thing, weakness; also, formerly, the unsightly or unpresentable side. Also, the side on which the view is obstructed from sight. In Rugby Football, the side of a scrum opposite to that on which the main line of the opponents’ backs is ranged.

3. a) Undiscriminating, for which no reason can be given; inconsiderate, heedless, reckless.

b) Purposeless; fortuitous, random.

4. Not possessing intelligence or consciousness; acting without discernment.

5. That blinds or misleads: false, deceitful. Obs.

III. Transferred.

…and much, much more.

Verb

1. trans. To make blind, deprive of sight.

a. permanently.

b. temporarily, e.g. by dazzling with a bright light, or by bandaging the eyes: To render insensible to light or colour.

c. Used in vulgar imprecations, as blind me!

3. b) To hide from the understanding, to obscure; to represent as obscure.

4. To come in the way of; to intercept. Obs.

*1303 – Earliest verb form.

…etc.

There are…a lot of definitions for crown, so I am picking the ones that are most common or especially relevant.

AS NOUN

I. An ornament for the head, and immediately derived senses. (also: Christian crown of thorns)

2. A wreath or circular ornament for the head symbolizing victory.

3. The sovereignty, authority, or dominion of which a royal crown is the symbol; the rule, position, or empire of a monarch.

5.  fig. Something which adorns or adds distinction like a crown; a chief or crowning ornament or achievement.

With capital initial:

a. The wearer of a royal crown; the monarch in his or her official character; the supreme governing power of a state under a monarchical constitution.

b.  Law (chiefly Brit.). The prosecution, considered as representing a reigning monarch in criminal proceedings.

7. The tonsure of a priest or monk (cf. corona n.1 5); (in later use also) the fringe or circle of hair surrounding some styles of tonsure. [I find this definition particularly interesting because the adjective tonsured/untonsured is used a couple times in Ulysses.]

8. A flower or cluster of flowers likened to a crown; esp. a verticil or whorl of flowers. In early use also: †the disc (disc n. 7a) of a flower of a plant of the family Asteraceae ( Compositae) (obs.). [Note that Asteraceae is almost certainly the family of the “yellow flower with flattened petals” Bloom receives in his correspondence from Martha. Also note that there are at least 6 other definitions relating crown to flowers or fruits or plants that didn’t seem as relevant to include. There are also innumerable wildflowers, trees, weeds, fungi, etc that have common names containing the word crown.]

11. Esp. in names of constellations: a group of stars likened to a crown; usu. with distinguishing word or phrase; spec. = Northern Crown

12. A circle or halo of light seen around the sun, the moon, a shadow, etc.; a corona

a. A group of people or objects in a ring or circle. Now somewhat rare.

b.  Math. A figure consisting of the area enclosed between a circle and a larger concentric circle; an annulus.

a. The top part of the skull; the top of the head.

20. The top part of a hat or other covering for the head.

a.  Anat. The part of a tooth (in early use spec. a molar) that appears above the gum and is covered by enamel.

32. Any of various coins, originally one bearing the imprint of a crown. b. A British or English coin (latterly silver) with a face value of five shillings or (now) 25 pence, now minted only for commemorative purposes. Hence: a monetary unit based on this, the sum of five shillings (now hist.).

AS VERB

a. To place a crown, coronet, etc., on the head of, as a symbol of newly acquired sovereignty or royal status; to invest with sovereignty or regal power by coronation. Also: to place a crown, etc., on or around (the head).

b. To establish in a position of power or influence. Obs.

a. To place a wreath, or garland, or other circular ornament on the head of, in token of victory or honour, or as a decoration; to adorn with the aureole of martyrdom, virginity, etc. 

4.  trans. With with. To provide with a top or topping of what is specified, usu. so as to add beauty or dignity.

a. To cover, surround, or occupy the head or summit of, as a crown does, usu. so as to add beauty or dignity.

b. To have a surface covered or dotted with (less commonly by) something beautiful, rich, or splendid.

a. To add the finishing touch to; to be the triumphant culmination of.

b. To honour with a successful consummation or issue; to bring (efforts, wishes, etc.) to a successful and happy conclusion.

8.  trans. Chiefly literary. To fill to overflowing, or until foam rises like a crown above the brim. Now rare.

a.  trans. (in pass.). Of a baby’s head during labour: (originally) †to be surrounded by the dilated cervix (obs.); (in later use) to be surrounded by the vulval opening, without receding during contractions.

The OED cites various definitions of the word “mourning,” ranging from the rather straightforward “Anxiety, sorrow, etc.” to more complex definitions like “yearning; pining from love.”

Given that many of the instances of the word “mourning” in Ulysses have to do with clothing, the definition of “Mourning” that I find most interesting and relevant is:

5. a. “The conventional or ceremonial manifestation of sorrow for the death of a person; esp. the wearing of clothes associated with death (in Western society usually black). Also: the period during which such clothes are worn.”

This definition falls under the broader definition “Grieving caused by the death of a person” and presents black clothing as a physical embodiment of grief caused by death

The OED dates this definition back to 1325 Middle English as seen in the Biblical books of Genesis and Exodus in the form of “murning.” It seems that the earliest instance of “mourning” as we see it written today (that is, not in Middle English) occurred in 1589 in Puttenham’s “poeticall mournings in verse.” By 1911, the word’s usage seems to parallel how we see it today, as the OED cites Greer’s passage in which a narrator decides “to dress in black as an expression of my mourning for my father.”

The OED also goes into the specific details about the phrase “in mourning,” which appears frequently in Ulysses. The OED defines “in mourning” as:

1. “sorrowing or grieving for the death of a person, esp. in the period of the conventional or ceremonial manifestation of sorrow”
2. “wearing clothes or covered with the draperies customarily indicative of bereavement”

1. The most precious metal: characterized by a beautiful yellow colour, non-liability to rust, high specific gravity, and great malleability and ductility. Chemical symbol Au.
2. The metal regarded as a valuable possession or employed as a medium of exchange; hence, cold coin; also in rhetorical use, money in large sums, wealth.
3. fig. With allusion to the brilliancy, beauty, and transcendent preciousness of gold. Often in phr. Of gold = golden adj. heart of gold: a noble-hearted person; a kind and noble heart.
   1. a. the metal as employed for coating a service, or as a pigment; gilding.

4. The metal as used for the ornamentation of textile fabrics; gold thread; in early use often with the place of manufacture specified.
5. The colour of the metal: a bright golden yellow.
6. Archery. The gilt centre or bulls-eye of a target. To make a gold: to hit the bulls-eye.

As indicated in Joyce’s use of the word “game,” or some form of the like, the OED presents a variety of definitions and usages for the word. “Game,” which originates (according to etymonline.com) in its multiple forms mainly from Middle or Old English, initially served to reference a type of sport or competition, or describing one ready for that, but as these varying definitions indicate, the term takes many uses today, and in Ulysses. Definitions for “game” as provided by the OED include:

Noun:

• Amusement, sport, fun; pleasure, enjoyment, in later use only with modifying adjective, as  great (good, etc.) game.
• Jest, sport
• Freq. with the. Lovemaking; amorous sport or dalliance; (also) an instance of this. In modern (and some earlier) use often specifically denoting sexual intercourse. Now rare.
• slang. With the. Prostitution. Earliest in  lady (also girl, etc.) of the game. In later use chiefly in on the game
• Originally: a butt or object of ridicule, a laughing stock

Adjective:

• Of a person or animal: full of pluck, spirit, or fight; spirited, plucky; intrepid. Also applied to actions, attributes, etc.

• Having the necessary spirit or will for a specified challenge, adventure, novel experience, etc.; ready and willing

Verb

• intr. To amuse oneself; to play, sport, jest; (occas.) to indulge in amorous or flirtatious play. Formerly also (occas.) trans. (refl.) in same sense.
• trans. colloq. Originally: to make fun of. Later: to deceive, ‘kid’. Now chiefly U.S
• intr. To take part in an indoor game, of a kind on which stakes or wagers may be placed; esp. to play games of chance for such stakes or wagers; to gamble. Now somewhat arch

I’m primarily interested in the word “soul” because of the gravity often associated with related matters. Aside from signalling death, souls are often viewed as being the unique intangible “essence”, which imbues consciousness, life, and all manner of existence. There are also many folktales and parables about he dangers of betting, selling, or negotiating with one’s soul results in a “lessening” of a person’s being. There’s also a lack of consensus as to whether the soul is unique to humanity or also present in animals. I primarily interested in this word because of the frequency and occasionally, flippancy which with Joyce refers to the concept.  Appearing frequently throughout multiple chapters of the text, particularly religious sections.

OED:

“An essential principle or attribute of life, and related senses”

“The condition or attribute of life in humans or animals; animate existence; this viewed as a possesion of which one is deprived by death”

“the principle of intelligence, thought, or action in a person(or occas. an animal), typically regarded as an entity distinct from the body; the essential, immaterial or spiritual part of a person or animal, as opposed to the physical”

“Without article, contrasted with body, life(in early use also licham), with reference to the separation between a person’s immaterial or spiritual atributes and his or her physical form or existence.

“The seat of a person’s emotion, feelings, or thoughts; the moral or emotional part of a person’s nature; the central or inmost part of a person’s being.”

“As a mass noun. Strength of character; strongly developed intellectual, moral, or aesthetic qualities; spiritual or emotional power or intensity; (also) deep feeling, sensitivity.”