Cross<\/p>\n
Forms:<\/strong> Cross, Across, Crossed, Crosses, Crossing, Crosstree<\/p>\n Related Topics:<\/strong> Religion, Catholicism, Travel, Movement<\/p>\n Explication:<\/strong><\/p>\n The most common form of \u201cCross\u201d in\u00a0Ulysses<\/em>\u00a0is \u201cacross\u201d which denotes movement from one side to another or a position in relation to another position. Joyce uses this word 64 times throughout\u00a0Ulysses\u00a0<\/em>to express movement or a certain positionality, \u201cA point, live dog, grew into sight running across the sweep of sand,\u201d (U. 3. 294). This is a straightforward usage of the word although it has the ability to retain the Christian imagery of the cross.<\/p>\n Another common form of cross is \u201ccrossed\u201d which is the past participle of cross. Crossed is used in multiple ways throughout\u00a0Ulysses,<\/em>\u00a0one of which being the physical act of past movement from one position to another, \u201cHe crossed at Nassau street corner,\u201d (U. 8. 551). Crossed can also indicate the act of crossing oneself in a religious manner, \u201cFather Conmee read in secret Pater and Ave and crossed his breast,\u201d (U. 10. 193). This form of cross is unique in that both meanings can be used simultaneously creating a double-entendre. This is important to note as Joyce occasionally employs this word to produce ambiguity in the meaning. In conjunction, cross as the concept of movement and cross as a religious symbol can imply the movement of religion. Leopold Bloom struggles with his Jewish identity in the face of Irish Catholicism which acts in alienating Bloom.<\/p>\n Some other forms of cross used by Joyce include Cross and Crossing. The OED cites Cross as having a few different variations and\u00a0an ability to occupy multiple parts of speech. Cross is both a verb which means to move from one position to another and a noun which incorporates Christian themes as Jesus was crucified on a wooden cross, \u201cMr Bloom walked unheeded along his grove by saddened angels, crosses, broken pillars, family vaults, stone hopes praying with upcast eyes, old Ireland’s hearts and hands,\u201d (6, 928-930). This is a relevant definition for\u00a0Ulysses<\/em>\u00a0which draws heavily on Catholicism and religion. Cross can also be used to express anger or an opposition. Stephen crosses his mother\u2019s dying wish by failing to execute religious acts, \u201cYou crossed her last wish in death,\u201d (1, 212).<\/p>\n Definition and Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n Noun<\/p>\n \u201cMr Bloom walked unheeded along his grove by saddened angels, crosses, broken pillars, family vaults, stone hopes praying with upcast eyes, old Ireland’s hearts and hands,\u201d (6, 928-930).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u201cMoving through the air high spars of a threemaster, her sails brailed up on the crosstrees, homing, upstream, silently moving, a silent ship,\u201d (3, 503-505).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adjective<\/p>\n \u201cHe turned away and sauntered across the road,\u201d (5, 47).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n\n
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