{"id":588,"date":"2016-11-21T04:54:23","date_gmt":"2016-11-21T04:54:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/eriksimpson.sites.grinnell.edu\/Ulysses16\/?p=588"},"modified":"2016-11-21T04:54:23","modified_gmt":"2016-11-21T04:54:23","slug":"mourningmorning-final-lexicon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eriksimpson.sites.grinnell.edu\/Ulysses16\/uncategorized\/mourningmorning-final-lexicon\/","title":{"rendered":"Mourning\/Morning Final Lexicon"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mourning<\/strong><\/p>\n

Forms<\/strong><\/p>\n

[in] mourning, mourns, mourners, mournful, Mourne, mournfully, morning<\/p>\n

Related Terms<\/strong><\/p>\n

grief, grieving, black, sorrow, clad, day, early, wake<\/p>\n

Explication<\/strong><\/p>\n

The word \u201cmourning\u201d gains prominence beginning in episode six with the narration of Patty Dignam\u2019s funeral, and the word is predominantly used to describe individuals who are \u201cin mourning,\u201d wearing the black attire typically associated with funerals in the Western tradition. After Dignam\u2019s funeral, for example, his son walks along the street and wonders, \u201cdo they [the schoolboys] notice I\u2019m in mourning\u201d (U. <\/em>10. 1159). In this context, the word connotes an external representation of grief that may or may not match up with internal feelings. Bloom, for example, dresses in black to give the appearance of mourning Dignam\u2019s death, but his wandering thoughts during the funeral indicate that he may not actually be grieving.<\/p>\n

Joyce also employs the word as a noun: \u201cthe mourners knelt here and there in prayingdesks\u201d (U. <\/em>6. 322) at Patty Dignam\u2019s funeral, and \u201cthe mourners split and moved to each side of the hole, stepping with care round the graves\u201d (U. <\/em>6. 800) at his burial. In these instances, we can infer that the \u201cmourners\u201d are also \u201cin mourning,\u201d wearing black as a physical embodiment of their inner grief. The noun derivative does not allow for individuals to exist outside of their grieving state.<\/p>\n

In looking at the homophone \u201cmorning\u201d and its connection to \u201cmourning,\u201d it is notable that Bloom dons his black clothing at the beginning of the day, in the \u201cmorning\u201d, to attend Dignam\u2019s funeral. Given that Ulysses <\/em>takes place over the course of only one day, it is implied that Bloom is \u201cin mourning\u201d for the duration of the novel; although worn situationally for Dignam, Bloom\u2019s black attire can be seen as a persistent reminder of his unmitigated grief regarding the death of his son, Rudy.<\/p>\n

\u201cMorning\u201d appears 121 times in Ulysses, <\/em>primarily as a temporal marking to either define the present moment (Stephen says, \u201cGood morning, sir\u201d [U. <\/em>2. 426], for example), refer back to it once it has past (in later episodes, it is common to see the phrase \u201cthis morning\u201d), or to refer to the coming morning. As Molly says in Penelope<\/em>, \u201cIll get up early in the morning\u201d (U. <\/em>18. 1498), highlighting the fact that, in contrast to the state of being \u201cin mourning,\u201d which has the potential to be perpetual and without break, \u201cmorning\u201d itself is part of a cycle, beginning again each day.<\/p>\n

Molly gives us further perspective on Bloom\u2019s mourning when she describes her own \u201cmourning\u201d for Rudy as past tense and unnecessary (\u201c11 years ago \u2026 what was the good of going into mourning\u201d [U. <\/em>18. 1306]) and then implies that Bloom is overly devoted to the process of grieving (\u201ched go into mourning for the cat\u201d [U. <\/em>18. 1306]). In a subsequent passage that highlights a perhaps fundamental difference between Molly and Bloom, Molly fantasizes about \u201ca nice semitransparent morning gown\u201d (U. <\/em>18. 1496) that stands in stark opposition to the black \u201cmourning\u201d apparel Bloom had put on that very morning. Molly\u2019s acknowledgement of both \u201cin mourning\u201d and \u201cmorning\u201d itself as non-permanent states from which individuals can come and go hints that perhaps Bloom\u2019s perpetual state of mourning is unnatural, contrary to the Natural Order that facilitates a constant transition between various states of being.<\/p>\n

Definitions and Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mourning<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. , Anxiety, sorrow, etc. The action of feeling or expressing sorrow, grief, or regret; sorrowing, lamentation; an instance of this.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. in mourning: <\/strong>sorrowing or grieving for the death of a person, esp. in the period of the conventional or ceremonial manifestation of sorrow. Also Wearing clothes or covered with the draperies customarily indicative of bereavement. Cf. sense.\n
        \n
      1. \u201cMr Bloom at gaze saw a lithe young man, clad in mourning\u201d (6. 40)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        • mourning coach<\/strong> \u00a0(a) <\/em>a coach of black colour used by a person during the whole period of his or her mourning (now hist.<\/em>); \u00a0(b) <\/em>a closed carriage, usually black, used to convey mourners on the occasion of a funeral; \u00a0\u2020(c) <\/em>a coach for conveying a corpse; a hearse (obs.<\/em>).\n
            \n
          1. \u201cA mourning coach. Unmarried. Black for the married\u201d (6. 322)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

             <\/p>\n

              \n
            1. n., a person who mourns, laments, or grieves; one who mourns the death of a friend or relation; a person who attends a funeral out of respect or affection for the deceased. Also fig.<\/em>\n
                \n
              1. \u201cThe mourners knelt here and there in prayingdesks\u201d (6. 584).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Morning<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. , Originally: the time of the approach or beginning of \u2018morn\u2019; the period around sunrise. In later use usually: the early part of the day, esp. from sunrise until noon or lunchtime.\n
                    \n
                  1. \u201cA yellow dressinggown, ungirdled, was sustained gently behind him on the mild morning air\u201d (1. 2-3)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. this morning: <\/strong>the morning of today\n
                        \n
                      1. \u201cFuneral was this morning\u201d (8. 220)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • , designating clothing intended to be worn in the morning or daytime\n
                            \n
                          1. \u201ca nice semitransparent morning gown\u201d (18. 1496)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                             <\/p>\n

                            Related Topics<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            Funerals<\/p>\n

                            Clothing<\/p>\n

                            Day vs. Night<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            Mourning Forms [in] mourning, mourns, mourners, mournful, Mourne, mournfully, morning Related Terms grief, grieving, black, sorrow, clad, day, early, wake Explication The word \u201cmourning\u201d gains prominence beginning in episode six with the narration of Patty Dignam\u2019s funeral, and the word is predominantly used to describe individuals who are \u201cin mourning,\u201d wearing the black attire typically […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eriksimpson.sites.grinnell.edu\/Ulysses16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eriksimpson.sites.grinnell.edu\/Ulysses16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eriksimpson.sites.grinnell.edu\/Ulysses16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eriksimpson.sites.grinnell.edu\/Ulysses16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eriksimpson.sites.grinnell.edu\/Ulysses16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=588"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/eriksimpson.sites.grinnell.edu\/Ulysses16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/588\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":589,"href":"https:\/\/eriksimpson.sites.grinnell.edu\/Ulysses16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/588\/revisions\/589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eriksimpson.sites.grinnell.edu\/Ulysses16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eriksimpson.sites.grinnell.edu\/Ulysses16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eriksimpson.sites.grinnell.edu\/Ulysses16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}